高分子和盐对3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵泡沫性能的影响

测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(C12TAB)在PVP、PEG和溴化钠存在下的泡沫性能。结果表明：含量相同时，C12TAB／NaBr混合体系的起泡性能高于C12TAB／高分子体系，而稳泡性能低于后者。含量相同的C12TAB／高分子体系，PVP对C12TAB的影响好于PEG。     

PVC-U型材弹性模量测试偏差分析

在对PVC-U型材弹性模量试验中发现，同一样品的规则样条与不规则样条的弯曲弹性模量相差较大。不规则样条的负荷-挠度曲线上会出现拐点，如果不对曲线进行处理直接计算得到的弯曲弹性模量偏小。在不规则样条的负荷-挠度取拐点后直线段切线与横坐标的交点作零点修正后所测得的弯曲弹性模量比较接近真实值。通过实验可以验证处理后的方法测得的弹性模量与均匀规则样条的弯曲弹性模量相近。     

Modelling of copper etching in aerated chloride solutions

The effect of dissolved oxygen on the rate of chemical etching of copper by acidic cuprous chloride solution was investigated numerically for the case of a rotating disc electrode (RDE). Copper dissolution in aerated acidic cupric chloride solutions of composition 3.5M CuCl2 + 0.5M HCl + 0.5M KCl and 3.5M CuCl2+0.5M HCl was investigated with consideration of the instantaneous homogeneous reaction 4CuCl32-+4H++O2rlhar4CuCl 3-+2H2O which takes place within the mass transport boundary layer. It was assumed that CuCl32- and O2 react instantaneously, resulting in the formation of a reaction plane which separated the mass transport boundary layer into two regions: a region adjacent to the electrode where oxygen was depleted, and a region adjacent to the bulk where CuCl32- was absent. A one-dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict the position of the reaction plane. The model accounted for diffusion, migration and fluid flow generated by an RDE and included nine species and five heterogeneous electrochemical reactions. The homogeneous redox reaction served to regenerate the chemical etchant solution and thus enhance the etch rate. With increasing oxygen concentration and rotation rate the reaction plane was found to move closer toward the electrode and thus the etch rate of copper increased. Addition of KCl increased the Cl- content in solution so as to shift the reaction plane toward the bulk.     

新型手性相转移催化剂N-苄基溴化奎宁的合成及应用

通过对天然手性物质进行修饰合成手性相转移催化剂N-苄基溴化奎宁,并对目标分子2,5-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯)-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-甲酸乙酯-5-甲酸甲酯(nitrendipine)进行不对称催化合成,并通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对化合物进行了表征,用X射线单晶衍射法测定了该化合物的晶体结构。     

Galvanostatic and microscopic studies of nodulation during copper electrolysis

The galvanostatic technique on a laboratory scale has been shown to be a useful tool in detecting the presence of nodules on the cathode during copper electrodeposition by using the value of the starting electrolytic potential and by the presence of a cathodic polarization peak on the potential–time curve. Studying the morphology of the deposit with a scanning electron microscope at various magnifications confirmed the galvanostatic results. It is postulated that inappropriate concentrations and/or ratios of the additives (thiourea, gelatin and chloride ions) are associated with a certain current density that generates intergranular microcracks due to adsorption of the additives and leads to the formation of nodules at the macroscale.     

金属皂类热稳定剂对RPVC流变性能的影响

采用Brabender转矩流变仪，分析并探讨了硬酯酸钡（BaSt2）、硬酯酸铅（PbSt2）、硬酯酸钙（CaSt2）、硬酯酸锌（ZnSt2）4种硬酯酸金属皂类热稳定剂以及复配BaSt2／PbSt2热稳定剂对硬质聚氯乙烯（RPVC）流变性能的影响。结果表明，BaSt2，CaSt2能够促进RPVC的塑化，而PbSt2和ZnSt2却推迟RPVC的塑化；在复配BaSt2／PbSt2稳定剂体系中，随着BaSt2比例的增大，塑化时间缩短，但BaSt2与PbSt2按分子数1：1比率时，RPVC熔体粘度增幅较大。     

镁铝水滑石及其复合体系对PVC热稳定性能的调控

采用比色法、热失重法等研究了不同镁铝摩尔比的水滑石(LDHs)对PVC糊热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,在镁铝比分别为2、3、4的样品中,镁铝比为2的LDHs对PVC的热稳定效果最佳;将其与传统的铅盐、有机锡稳定剂复配,均具有良好的协同效应,可以实现对PVC糊热稳定性能的控制。其中,PVC/Mg-AlLDHs/Sn以100∶1.5∶1.5(质量份数,下同)比例复合后的体系,不仅热稳定性能优于传统的的铅盐体系,而且具有较低的糊黏度及较好加工流变性能。     

一种单面涂铝PVC塑料吊顶材料燃烧性能的实验研究

采用锥形量热仪对市场上常见的一种内装修单面涂铝PVC吊顶材料的燃烧性能进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，在不同的辐射功率和不同暴露面下，该材料表现出不同的燃烧性能。当涂铝面(正面)暴露燃烧时，其质量损失速率(即燃烧速率)比未涂铝面(背面)小，正面的引燃时间比背面引燃时间长，这些特性对减小燃烧时的火焰蔓延速度有利；而正面暴露燃烧时的发烟量和一氧化碳的产率则比背面暴露燃烧时大，这一特性将增大材料燃烧时的烟气危害性。     

Foliar fertilization of high-yielding peanuts during the pod-filling period

A 2-year field experiment was carried out in a sandy soil (Xeropsament-Torripsament) at Nir Yizhaq, Israel, where commercially grown peanut plants were sprayed with different NPKS solutions during the pod-filling period. All foliar sprays were applied in addition to the fertilizer which had been added to the soil before planting. The differences in yield between the treatments were not significant in either year. In the first year, there was a tendency toward increased yields of pods (up to 13%) and of hay (up to 16%) when four foliar fertilizer applications (10 kg N, 1 kg P, 3 kg K and 0.5 kg S/ha/application) were given, at one-week intervals. N was added mainly as urea, P and K as potassium polyphosphate, and S as ammonium sulphate. In the second year, the highest yield was obtained in the control plots and the differences between the treatments were not significant. Utilization of foliar nutrient application seems to be dependent upon availability of these nutrients in the soil.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 1976-E. 1087 series.     

SnO2和SiO2用于PVC的阻燃消烟及协同作用

研究了二氧化锡和二氧化硅对软PVC阻燃消烟性的影响。通过对极限氧指数、剩炭率、烟密度的测定和DTATG曲线的分析证明,添加8g二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂的PVC的氧指数和剩炭率比未添加的分别增高5.5个单位和4.1%,烟密度降低16.4%,降解活化能分别降低38kJ/mol和23.1kJ/mol,从而证明二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂对于PVC是一种很好的阻燃消烟剂,二氧化锡和二氧化硅有很好的协同作用。同时证明这种复合阻燃剂能代替三氧化二锑,使产品的成本进一步降低。